Huru Yemusango Kufamba
Iyi inonakidza hunhu show inoitika gore negore muMaasai Mara/Serengeti wildebeest migration. Zviverengero zvacho zvoga zvakaoma kudavira: mhuka dzinosvika mamiriyoni maviri—mhara, mbizi, nemhara—dzinofamba dzakachinjika dzichitenderera ichi chipenyu chakakura ichi, dzichisundwa nepfungwa dzekare kuti dziwane mafuro nemvura.
Chimwe chezviitiko zvinonyanya kutsvakwa kumhuka dzesango uye vanofarira zvisikwa, Iyo Great Migration ndiyo inogara ichifamba inotenderera yemhuka dzinopfuura miriyoni mhiri kweSerengeti-Mara ecosystem. Makoramu anogara achifamba emhango, akabatana nemhomho yeshamwari dzake, anotevera nzira yekare-kare yekutsvaga mafuro nemvura. Rwendo urwu runovaendesa kuyambuka mapani eMasai Mara muKenya, kumaodzanyemba vachipinda muTanzania, vachipfuura nomuSerengeti kusvikira kumucheto kweNgorongoro Crater, vasati vatenderera vachikwira nokutenderera munzira yakatarisana newachi. Munzira, mutambo wepamusoro unogara uripo sezvo zvikara zvinotora zviuru zvemhuka, uye zviuru zvezvimwe zvinozvarwa, zvichizadza nhamba uye kutsigira denderedzwa rehupenyu.
Idhirama riri pachiyero chechokwadi: mapoka anotama anosangana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana uye matambudziko pavanenge vachifamba kubva mudunhu kuenda kune rimwe dunhu, uye vanogara vachirwiswa kubva kune zvikara, hakuna zvakadaro kupfuura kubva kumakatsi makuru eAfrica uye makarwe makuru ane mukurumbira akavandira munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekuyambuka nzizi. Kutama kukuru kwemhara kweSerengeti ndiko kufamba kwemhara dzakawanda, dzichiperekedzwa nenhamba huru dzembizi nenhamba diki dzemhara yaGrant, mhara yaThomson, eland, neimpala. Izvi zvinofamba nenzira yegore negore inonyatso zivikanwa. Dzinotama gore rose, dzichigara dzichitsvaka mafuro manyoro uye, zvava kufungidzirwa, mvura yemhando iri nani.
Kutama Kukuru kunofamba sei gore rose
Kunyangwe iyo mbizi vari kudonhedza mhuru kana kuedza kuyambuka nzizi vachinzvenga zvikara, kutama kunogara kuchifamba gore rose. Verenga kuti udzidze kuti Kutama Kukuru kunowanzove kupi panguva dzakasiyana dzegore.
Ndira, Kukadzi, naKurume Kutama
Munenge Ndira gore rega rega, kutama kunopedza rwendo rwekumaodzanyemba, kuchifamba kumucheto wekumabvazuva kweSerengeti uye kupinda muNgorongoro Conservation Area. Pano, mapani akapfuma nouswa hunovaka muviri, hunopa mombe mamiriro akanakisisa okurera mhuru dzadzo dzichangoberekwa.
Kunyange zvazvo pasina mavambo chaiwo kana magumo kudunhu rinotama-tama—kunze kwokuberekwa nerufu—zvinoratidzika kuva zvine mufungo kudana mwaka wokubereka kwemhanje kutanga kwokutama. Kunopera kwaNdira kana Kukadzi, mombe dzinogara mumapani ane huswa hupfupi akapararira nepamusoro pemawere ekuchamhembe kweNgorongoro Crater highlands uye akatenderedza Olduvai Gorge. Mhuru 400,000 8,000 dzinoberekerwa muno mukati memavhiki maviri kusvika matatu, kana kuti mhuru itsva XNUMX zuva rega rega.
Kuwanda kwemhuru dziri panjodzi kunoreva kuti zvikara zvakatenderedza zvinotangawo kuita chiito, kuvhima zviri nyore nekuda kwekuwanda kwemhungu. Avo vanofarira kupupurira kubereka kwemhuru uye mutambo wekati huru pakuvhima vanofanira kutarisa kumisasa yeAasilia yekumaodzanyemba kweSerengeti, iyo inopa ruzivo rwakananga: Olakira, Kimondo, uye Ubuntu.
Kutama kwaApril naMay
Pashure pokubereka vana vadzo muna February naMarch, munenge muna April, mapoka emhango anokukurwa achienda kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero akananga kuuswa hunyoro hwepakati peSerengeti, achikweva zviuru zvembizi nemapoka maduku emhembwe. Pakazosvika Chivabvu, makoramu emhungu anotambanuka kwemakiromita akati wandei apo mhuka dzinotanga kuungana neMoru Kopjes, pedyo ne Dunia Camp, imwe yemisasa mishoma muSerengeti inopa kutarisa kwekutama panguva ino yegore. Mwaka wekusvirana unotanga kusvika pakupera kwaChivabvu, uye mhungu rume dzinorwa dzakatarisana. 'Mukati' mese, rwendo runopfuurira rwakatandara nemhara, mbizi, uye mhara dzichifura sezvadzinofamba.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, sangano rinowedzera simba uye mhanje inotanga kuwanda muSerengeti's Western Corridor. Panguva ino yegore, musasa weUbuntu Migration Camp uchange watama kutevera kutama uye kupa mukana wekuona mbira dzichiyambuka rwizi Grumeti. Mapoka acho anoumba muhuwandu hukuru mumadziva nemigero yerwizi, idzo dzinofanira kuyambuka kuti dzienderere mberi nerwendo rwadzo. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvisingashamisi semayambuka maMara ane mukurumbira, asi kuchine nyuchi dzakakwana kupa maGrumeti crocs nemabiko chaiwo. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti Chivabvu mwaka wakaderera kuUbuntu. Safaris panguva ino inopa kukosha kukuru sezvo kune huwandu hwakaderera hwevashanyi muSerengeti, asi maonero emhuka dzesango anoramba akanaka.
June naJuly Kutama
Muna Chikumi, mwaka wekusanaya kwemvura unotanga nekuwanda kwemhanje muWestern Serengeti uye kumahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba kweRwizi Grumeti. Mhuka imwe neimwe iri kutama inofanira kutarisana nedenho yokuyambuka rwizi ruzere ngwena—kutanga pane dzakawanda dzinotyisa uye dzine hasha dzenzizi.
Sezvo June anopinda muna Chikunguru, mazana ezviuru zvemharu nembizi anopfuurira kuenda kuchamhembe achitevedza muganhu wepaka yokumadokero akananga kunzvimbo inotova ine ngozi: Rwizi rwaMara kuchamhembe kweSerengeti. Kuyambuka nzizi uku ndechimwe chezviitiko zvinofadza zvemhuka zvePasi. Vanowanzotanga pakutanga kwemwaka wepamusoro munaJuly, asi nguva inobva pane zvakasikwa.
Mapoka acho anowanzo kuwanikwa muNorthern Serengeti muna Chikunguru. Gare gare muna Chikunguru, idzo mhuka dzakabudirira kuyambuka Rwizi rwaMara dzichawanikwawo mu Maasai Mara, uko vashanyi veRekero Camp vanogona kuona kuyambuka nzizi vari nechepamusoro pemusasa parwendo rwavo rweKenya. Panguva ino, kuyambuka nzizi kwemazuva ese kunogona kuoneka panzizi dzeMara neTalek, ese ari maviri ari pakati pezviitiko zvinoshamisa.
Nyamavhuvhu, Gunyana, uye Gumiguru Kutama
Pakasvika August, mapoka akanga atarisana nedenho yokuyambuka Rwizi rwaMara uye akanga apararira vaMasai Mara kuchamhembe, nevazhinji vasara kuchamhembe kweSerengeti. Mumakore apo rwizi rwunenge rwakazara, kutya uye kuvhiringidzika pakuyambuka - zvakasanganiswa nezvikara zvakamirira uye mafungu emvura - zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupenyu. Asi, kunyange mumakore emvura inoyerera zvinyoronyoro, makarwe anotambura, tisingadudzi shumba nezvimwe zvikara zvikuru zvinofamba-famba nomumahombekombe, zvakagadzirira kuvandira mjuru ipi neipi inoenda kune rumwe rutivi. Hapana kuyambuka kamwe chete: kune dzimwe nzvimbo, kunongova nevanhu vashoma, nepo vamwe vachiona mhuka dzakawanda dzichifamba pasina kuzorora kwemaawa.
Pakasvika Gunyana kusvika Gumiguru, nyonganyonga huru yakanga yapera, uye mbiru dzaitama dzakanga dzatama zvishoma nezvishoma dzichienda kumabvazuva. Zvisinei, mhungu ichatarisana nemvura inorema yoRwizi rwaMara zvakare sezvainogadzirira kuyambukazve nokuda kwerwendo rwadzo rwokudzokera kumaodzanyemba.
November naDecember Kutama
Pashure pekunaya kwemvura pfupi yekuEast Africa mukupera kwaGumiguru uye kutanga kwaMbudzi, mbira dzinodzika kubva kuKenya dzichienda nechekumabvazuva kweSerengeti dzichipfuura Namiri Plains, nzvimbo inozivikanwa nekuona makudo. Pakazosvika December, dzakapararira kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba.
Mumwedzi yekutanga yegore idzva, uswa hwakadzika kumaodzanyemba kweSerengeti huzere nemvura. Izvi zvinokwezva mapoka emhango nemazana ezviuru zvembizi nedzimwe mhuka dzomubani. Kutenderera kunoenderera mberi apo mwaka wekubereka unotanga zvakare.
ZVIKURU ZVOKUTAMIRA
- Mhuu dzine ndebvu chena dzinopfuura mamiriyoni 1.35 dzinodya anenge matani 4,800 XNUMX ouswa zuva nezuva.
- Mhuru dzinopfuura 250,000 dzinozvarwa gore rega rega, uye vana-vashanu vanozvarwa mukati menguva pfupi yekubereka kwemavhiki mashoma pamapani mapfupi emavhiki mashoma pamapani mapfupi pakati paFebruary (8000-12000 kuberekwa pazuva. ) Dzinenge 70,000 XNUMX dzemhuru idzi dzichafa gore negore nekuda kwekudzvinyirirwa, kunyura, kuparadzana naamai, nezvimwewo. Pakazara, inenge hafu yadzo ichapona pakukura.
- Mhuru dzinofamba mukati memaminitsi 3-7 uye dzinogona kufambirana neboka munguva pfupi yapfuura.
- Mhuti hadzi dzinosvika mazana matatu dzinoita pamuviri munguva isingasviki mwedzi panguva yerut apo mabhuru anokwikwidzana zvine hasha uye anogona kuonekwa achichengetedza nzvimbo dzenguva pfupi.
- Mapani mapfupi euswa ari pakati peGedhi reNabi nemakomo eNgorongoro, uko mbira dzinofarira kubereka, dzine utano hwakanyanya pamusana pedota regomo rinoputika rakawira munzvimbo iyi zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura. Huswa uhu hunotora calcium, sodium, nitrogen, nephosphorus kubva muvhu risina kudzika, izvo zvakakosha kumombe dzine mimba nedzinoyamwisa.
- Serengeti-Mara-Ngorongoro Ecosystem inovimba nekutama kwegore negore kwemhuka dzinosvika miriyoni imwe nemazana matanhatu (wildebeest neZebra) kuchengetedza kutendeseka uye hutano.
- Mhuti inozivikanwa se“rudzi rwematombo makuru,” ichiumba mhoteredzo yainogara mairi, ichidya anopfuura matani mamiriyoni 1.7 ouswa gore rimwe nerimwe. Inovhura matura makuru emafuro emamwe marudzi, akadai sembizi, mbira, nemhara. Nemamwe mashoko, inoita basa rakakosha se“mhungu” mukuita kuti nzvimbo dzeuswa dzeSerengeti dzive dzakasiyana uye dzinobereka. Kutama kwega kunoisa matani 3500 endove mumhoteredzo yezvipenyu zuva rega rega (inenge mitoro yezvitima makumi manomwe pazuva!), ichipa kudya kwakakosha kune zvinomera uye kushanda sechikafu chemarudzi anosvika zana akasiyana ezvipembenene.
- Rwizi rwaMara ndirwo chete manyuko emvura muSerengeti anogona kuchengetedza kutama kukuru munguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Kana rwizi rukapwa somugumisiro wemadhamu uye kuparadzwa kwemasango kumusoro kworwizi, ichava ngwavaira huru umo mhunga dzinenge 500,000 XNUMX sezvingabvira dzingafa mugore rokutanga.
