Ukufuduka kwe-Wildebeest enkulu
Kunyaka ngamnye, i UMaasai Mara/Serengeti Ukufuduka kwee-wildebeest kunika lo mbono wendalo umangalisayo. Inani elipheleleyo liyamangalisa: izilwanyana ezifikelela kwizigidi ezibini, kuquka ii-gazelle, ii-zebra, kunye nee-wildebeest, zihamba ngendlela ejikelezayo kulo lonke eli candelo libanzi lendalo zifuna amanzi acocekileyo kunye nokutya.
Uhambo Olukhulu, uhambo olujikelezayo oluqhubekayo lwezilwanyana ezingaphezu kwesigidi kulo lonke i-ecosystem yaseSerengeti-Mara, yenye yezona zinto zifunwa kakhulu kubathandi bezilwanyana zasendle kunye nendalo. Zifuna amanzi kunye nokutya, iinkongolo zeenkumbi ezihlala zitshintshatshintsha, zihamba kunye namaqabane amaninzi, zihamba ngendlela yakudala. Zihamba ngaphesheya kwe- Amathafa aseMasai Mara eKenya, ukuya emazantsi ukuya eTanzania, udlula Serengeti kumda we Ngorongoro Crater, uze wenze ujikelezo olujikelezayo ngokwewotshi. Njengoko amawaka ezilwanyana ethathwa zizilwanyana ezizingelayo kwaye amawaka ezilwanyana ezalwa ukuze azalise uluntu aze agcine umjikelo wobomi, kukho ingxolo enkulu eqhubekayo endleleni.
Yidrama enkulu ngokwenene: imihlambi efudukayo ijongene nemiqobo emininzi kunye nobunzima njengoko ihamba ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye, kwaye ihlaselwa rhoqo zizilwanyana ezizingelayo, akukho ngaphezu kweekati ezinkulu zaseAfrika kunye neengwenya ezinkulu ezidumileyo ezilinde kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuwela umlambo. Inani elikhulu leezebra kunye nenani elincinci leegazelle zikaGrant, igazelle kaThomson, ieland, kunye neempala zihamba nokufuduka okukhulu kweSerengeti wildebeest. Ezi zilandela indlela eqikelelweyo yonyaka. Zihamba unyaka wonke zifuna ukutya amadlelo amatsha kwaye, ngoku kukholelwa ukuba, amanzi asemgangathweni ophezulu.
Indlela iMfuduko Enkulu ehamba ngayo unyaka wonke
Ukufuduka kuhlala kuhamba unyaka wonke, nokuba iinyamakazi ziwisa amathole okanye zizama ukuwela imilambo ngelixa ziphepha izilwanyana ezizingelayo. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane apho ukufuduka okukhulu kwenzeka khona ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka.
NgoJanuwari, ngoFebruwari, nangoMatshi Ukufuduka
Rhoqo ngonyaka malunga noJanuwari, ukufuduka kugqiba uhambo oluya emazantsi, ludlula e- Indawo yolondolozo yaseNgorongoro kwaye ecaleni komda osempuma we SerengetiAmathafa akule ndawo agcwele ingca etyebileyo, nto leyo enika imihlambi indawo efanelekileyo yokukhulisa amathole ayo amancinci.
Kubonakala kusengqiqweni ukubhekisa kwixesha lokuzala kweenkawu njengesiqalo sokufuduka, nangona olu jikelezo lokufuduka lungenasiqalo okanye isiphelo sokwenyani ngaphandle kokuzalwa nokufa. Imihlambi iya kwiindawo ezifumileyo ezinengca emfutshane ezijikeleze i-Olduvai Gorge kunye nethambeka elisezantsi elingasentla le- Ngorongoro Crater iintaba ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari okanye ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari. Kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, amathole amalunga nama-400,000—phantse amathole amatsha angama-8,000 yonke imihla—azalwa apha.
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu leenyamakazi, izilwanyana ezizingelayo ezikufutshane ziyakwazi ukuzingela ngokulula ngenxa yobuninzi bamathole amancinci asengozini. I-Olakira, iKimondo, kunye ne-Ubuntu ziinkampu zokufuduka zase-Asia kumzantsi weSerengeti ezibonelela ngokufikelela ngqo kwabo bafuna ukubona ukuzala kunye nedrama yeekati ezinkulu ezizingelayo.
UkuFuduka kuka-Aprili noMeyi
Amawaka eeqwarha kunye namaqela amancinci eenyamakazi atsaleleka kwimihlambi yeenyamakazi njengoko zisiya emantla ntshona zisiya engceni entsha yeSerengeti ephakathi ngo-Epreli emva kokuzala amantshontsho azo ngoFebruwari nangoMatshi. NgoMeyi, iintsika zeenyamakazi ziqala ukuqokelelana kufutshane neMoru Kopjes, kufutshane Inkampu yaseDunia, enye yeenkampu ezimbalwa kwi Serengeti ebonelela ngokubukela ukufuduka ngeli xesha lonyaka. Ezi ntsika zithatha iikhilomitha ezininzi. Iinkunzi zeenkumbi zilwa imfazwe ngexesha lokukhwelana, eliqala ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Iinkomo zeenkumbi, iqwarha, kunye nebhadi ziyaqhubeka nohambo lwazo oluzolileyo "kwindawo etyebileyo," zisitya endleleni.
Iinkawu ziqala ukuhlanganisana kwiWestern Corridor yase Serengeti njengoko intshukumo isiya ikhula kancinci kancinci. Inkampu yokuFuduka yaseUbuntu iya kube ifudukile ngeli xesha lonyaka ukuze ilandelele ukufuduka kwaye inike iindwendwe ithuba lokubona iinyamakazi zinqumla uMlambo iGrumeti. Emadamini nakwimijelo yomlambo, ekufuneka ziwele ukuze ziqhubeke nohambo lwazo, imihlambi iyabuthana ngamanani amakhulu. Kusekho iinyamakazi ezaneleyo ukunika iingwenya zaseGrumeti isidlo esimnandi, nangona oku kungengommangaliso njengeenqanawa ezaziwayo zokuwela eMara. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uMeyi yinyanga engaqhelekanga kaUbuntu. Ngeli xesha lonyaka, ii-safaris zifikeleleka kakhulu kuba azikho iindwendwe ezininzi eSerengeti, kodwa ukubukela izilwanyana zasendle kusekuhle kakhulu.
Ukufuduka ngoJuni nangoJulayi
Inani elikhulu leenyamakazi zehlathi linokufumaneka kwiNtshona yeSerengeti nakwiibhanki ezisemazantsi oMlambo iGrumeti ngoJuni, xa kuqala ixesha lonyaka owomileyo. Ukuwela umlambo ozaliswe ziingwenya kukuqala kweengxaki ezininzi zomlambo ezinzima nezixinzelelekileyo ekufuneka zinyamezele isilwanyana ngasinye esifudukayo.
Amakhulu amawaka eenkonde neezebra aqhubeka nokuhamba emantla ecaleni komda osentshona wepaki njengoko uJuni ejika abe nguJulayi, esiya kuMlambo iMara kumantla eSerengeti, umqobo oyingozi nangakumbi. Esinye seziganeko zezilwanyana zasendle ezichulumancisayo eMhlabeni ngokungathandabuzekiyo zezi ndlela zokuwela imilambo. Nangona ixesha lahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimozulu, zihlala ziqala ngoJulayi ekuqaleni kwexesha lonyaka eliphakamileyo.
NgoJulayi, imihlambi idla ngokufumaneka kumantla eSerengeti. Izilwanyana eziwele uMlambo iMara ngempumelelo ziya kufumaneka nakwi- IMasai Mara kamva ngoJulayi. Iindwendwe zeRekero Camp zingabona ukuwela imilambo ngqo ukusuka kwidekhi ephambili yekampu ngelixa zikwisafari yaseKenya. Ukuwela imilambo imihla ngemihla kwimilambo iMara neTalek, edla ngokuba sembindini wemiboniso emangalisayo, kubonakala ngeli xesha.
Agasti, Septemba, no-Oktobha Ukufuduka
Ngo-Agasti, imihlambi yayisele inengxaki yokuwela uMlambo iMara kwaye yasasazeka kulo lonke elasemantla. IMasai Mara, uninzi lwabo lusesemantla Serengeti... Uloyiko kunye nokudideka kwiindawo zokuwela, kunye nezilwanyana ezizingelayo ezilindileyo kunye nemisinga evuthuzayo, kunokubangela inani elikhulu lokufa ngexesha leminyaka apho umlambo ugcwele amanzi. Ukongeza kwiingonyama kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezinkulu ezijikeleza unxweme, zilungele ukuhlasela nayiphi na i-wildebeest ekwaziyo ukuwela, iingwenya zidlakazela naxa amanzi egeleza kancinci iminyaka emininzi. Akukho ndawo yokuwela enye kuphela; kwezinye iindawo, kukho abantu abambalwa kuphela, ngelixa kwezinye, inani elikhulu lezilwanyana lihamba ngaphandle kokuma iiyure ezininzi.
Ingxubakaxaka enkulu yayisele iphelile ngoSeptemba okanye ngo-Okthobha, kwaye iintsika ezazifuduka zazisele zitshintshele ngasempuma kancinci kancinci. Kodwa njengoko zilungiselela ukuwela uMlambo iMara kwakhona xa zibuyela emazantsi, i-wildebeest kuza kufuneka ijongane namanzi ayo anzima kwakhona.
NgoNovemba noDisemba Ukufuduka
Iinkawu zifuduka zisuka eKenya ziye kwimida esempuma yeSerengeti, zidlula kwiNamiri Plains, indawo eyaziwa ngokubona iingwenya ngendlela emangalisayo, emva kwemvula emfutshane eMpuma Afrika ekupheleni kukaOkthobha nasekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Zisasazeke kuzo zonke iindawo zasempuma nasezantsi ngoDisemba.
Kumazantsi asezantsi eSerengeti, ingca igcwele imvula kwiinyanga zokuqala zonyaka omtsha. Oku kutsala amakhulu amawaka eeqwarhashe nezinye izilwanyana zasemathafeni, kunye nemihlambi yeengwenya. Njengoko ixesha lokuzala liqala, umjikelo uyaqhubeka.
IINYANISO EZINGAKUMBI ZOKUfuduka
- Iinyamakazi zaseNtshona ezingaphezu kwe-1.35 yezigidi ezineendevu ezimhlophe zitya malunga neetoni ezingama-4,800 zengca yonke imihla.
- Minyaka le, kuzalwa amathole angaphezu kwama-250,000. Amathole amane kwisihlanu azalwa ngexesha elifutshane lokuzala kweeveki ezimbalwa nje kwiindawo ezimfutshane zengca phakathi kuFebruwari, apho kuzalwa khona amathole angama-8,000 ukuya kwi-12,000 ngosuku. Malunga nama-70,000 ala mathole aya kufa minyaka le ngenxa yokutyiwa, ukurhaxwa, ukwahlukaniswa nonina, nezinye izinto. Malunga nesiqingatha sawo siya kuphila de sibe ngabantu abadala.
- Amathole angahambahamba kwimizuzu emi-3 ukuya kweyesi-7 aze aqhubeke nomhlambi kungekudala emva koko.
- Ngexesha lokukhwelana, xa iinkunzi zilwa zodwa ukuze zidibane nomhlaba, malunga nama-300,000 eenkomokazi ze-wildebeest ziyakhulelwa kwisithuba esingaphantsi kwenyanga.
- Iingca ezimfutshane eziphakathi kweNabi Gate kunye neentaba zaseNgorongoro zilungile kakhulu ukuba iingwenya zizale ngenxa yothuthu lwentaba-mlilo olwawela apho kwiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo. Ezi ngca zitsala icalcium, isodium, initrogen, kunye nephosphorus kumhlaba onganzulu, nto leyo ilungileyo kwiinkomo ezimithiyo zize kamva zincancise.
- The Serengeti-Mara-Ngorongoro Indalo ifuna izilwanyana ezimalunga ne-1.6 yezigidi (ii-wildebeest kunye ne-zebra) ukuba zifuduke minyaka le ukuze zihlale ziphilile kwaye zomelele.
- I-wildebeest “luhlobo lwelitye elibalulekileyo” kuba itya ngaphezulu kweetoni zengca ezi-1.7 yezigidi rhoqo ngonyaka, nto leyo etshintsha indawo ehlala kuyo. Ivula amadlelo amaninzi kwezinye izilwanyana, njengeezebra, iihartebeest, kunye neegazelle. Ngamanye amazwi, “yi-cog” ebalulekileyo enceda ekwenzeni amadlelo aseSerengeti abe ngawahlukeneyo kwaye abe luncedo. Ukufuduka kukodwa kubeka iitoni ezingama-3500 zobulongwe kwindawo yendalo yonke imihla (malunga nemithwalo yeemoto ezingama-70!), okukutya okulungileyo kwizityalo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhungane zobulongwe ezimalunga ne-100.
- UMlambo iMara ngowona mthombo wamanzi kuphela eSerengeti onokuxhasa ukufuduka okukhulu ngexesha lemvula. Ukuba amadama kunye nokugawulwa kwemithi ngasentla komlambo kuyawomisa umlambo, kuya kuba yintlekele enkulu. Iinkonde ezimalunga nama-500,000 mhlawumbi ziya kufa kunyaka wokuqala.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo (ii-FAQ)
Ukufuduka kwenzeka unyaka wonke, kodwa amaxesha onyaka ahlukeneyo anika iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMatshi, iindwendwe zinokubona ixesha lokuzala kwamathole kumathafa asezantsi e- Ipaki yeSizwe yeSerengetiUkususela ngoJulayi ukuya ku-Okthobha, imihlambi iya emantla apho abahambi banethuba elihle lokubona iindawo ezidumileyo zokuwela uMlambo iMara.
Uninzi lwabahambi lubona ukufuduka e Ipaki yeSizwe yeSerengeti, enye yeendawo ezidumileyo zezilwanyana zasendle eAfrika ThanzaniyaNgokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka, imihlambi ihambahamba kumazantsi, embindini, entshona, nakumantla eSerengeti.
Uninzi lwabahambi luchitha phakathi kweentsuku ezi-5 nezi-8 kwi-safari yokufuduka. Oku kunika ixesha elaneleyo lokuhlola iindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-ecosystem yeSerengeti kwaye kudla ngokubandakanya ukutyelela kwezinye iindawo ezidumileyo ezifana Ngorongoro Crater or Ipaki yeSizwe iTarangire.
Ukuwela umlambo yenye yezona zihlandlo zimangalisayo zokufuduka xa amawaka eenkomo zasendle ezama ukuwela uMlambo iMara ngelixa ejongene nemisinga enamandla kunye neengwenya. Ezi ndlela zokuwela zihlala ziphakathi kukaJulayi no-Okthobha emantla. Ipaki yeSizwe yeSerengeti.
Ewe, iGreat Migration ithathwa njengenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zezilwanyana zasendle eMhlabeni. Ukubona imihlambi emikhulu isasazeka emathafeni nokubona ukudibana kwezilwanyana zasendle kwenza kube yenye yezona zinto zingalibalekiyo kwi-safari. Thanzaniya.
Abahambi banokukhetha kwiindawo zokuhlala zodidi oluphezulu, iinkampu ezineentente, kunye neenkampu ezihambahambayo ezikwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ze Ipaki yeSizwe yeSerengetiIinkampu ezininzi zokufuduka ziyahamba ngamaxesha athile ukuze zilandele imihlambi kwaye zibonelela ngamathuba amahle okubukela izilwanyana zasendle.
