Ukufuduka Okukhulu Kwe-Wildebeest
Njalo ngonyaka, i UMasai Mara/ISerengeti Ukufuduka kwezilwane zasendle kunikeza lo mbukwane wemvelo omangalisayo. Inani elikhulu liyamangalisa: izilwane ezifika ezigidini ezimbili, okuhlanganisa izinyamazane, amadube, kanye nezilwane zasendle, zihamba ngendlela ejikelezayo kulo lonke lolu hlelo olukhulu lwemvelo zifuna amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nokudla.
Ukufuduka Okukhulu, ukufuduka okuqhubekayo kwezilwane ezingaphezu kwesigidi kulo lonke uhlelo lwemvelo iSerengeti-Mara, kungenye yezinto ezifunwa kakhulu ngabathandi bezilwane zasendle kanye nemvelo. Befuna amanzi nokudlisa, izinsika zezilwane zasendle ezihlala zishintshashintsha, zihambisana nabangane abaningi, zihamba ngendlela yasendulo. Zihamba ngaphesheya kwe- Amathafa aseMasai Mara eKenya, yonke indlela eya eningizimu eTanzania, ngokusebenzisa i- ISerengeti emaphethelweni Ngorongoro Crater, bese wenza umjikelezo ojikelezayo ngokwewashi. Njengoba izinkulungwane zezilwane zithathwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane kanye nezinye izinkulungwane zizalwa ukuze zigcwalise inani labantu futhi zilondoloze umjikelezo wokuphila, kuba nokudideka okuqhubekayo endleleni.
Kuyidrama esezingeni elimangalisayo ngempela: imihlambi efudukayo ibhekene nezingqinamba eziningi nobunzima njengoba ihamba isuka endaweni eyodwa iye kwenye, futhi ihlaselwa njalo yizilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane, okungafani namakati amakhulu ase-Afrika kanye nezingwenya ezinkulu ezidumile ezilinde ezindaweni ezahlukene zokuwela imifula. Inani elikhulu lamadube kanye nenani elincane le-gazelle kaGrant, i-gazelle kaThomson, i-eland, kanye ne-impala kuhambisana nokufuduka okukhulu kwe-Serengeti wildebeest. Lokhu kulandela iphethini ebikezelwayo yonyaka. Zihamba unyaka wonke zifuna ukudla okusha futhi, manje sekukholelwa, amanzi asezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukufuduka Okukhulu kuhamba kanjani unyaka wonke
Ukufuduka kuhlala kuhamba unyaka wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izingwenya ziwisa amathole noma zizama ukuwela imifula ngenkathi zigwema izilwane ezidla ezinye. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole ukuthi ukufuduka okukhulu kuvame ukwenzeka kuphi ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka.
January, February, and March Migration
Njalo ngonyaka cishe ngoJanuwari, ukufuduka kuqedela uhambo oluya eningizimu, kudlula e- Indawo Yokulondolozwa KwaseNgorongoro kanye nomngcele osempumalanga we ISerengetiAmathafa akule ndawo agcwele utshani obucebile ngezakhamzimba, okwenza imihlambi ibe yindawo ekahle yokukhulisa amathole ayo amancane.
Kubonakala kunengqondo ukubhekisela esikhathini sokuzalwa kwezinyoni zasendle njengokuqala kokufuduka, naphezu kokuthi lesi sifunda sokufuduka asinaso isiqalo noma isiphetho sangempela ngaphandle kokuzalwa nokufa. Imihlambi ithuthela emathafeni anotshani obufushane azungeze i-Olduvai Gorge kanye nemithambeka engezansi enyakatho ye- Ngorongoro Crater ezintabeni ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari. Emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu, amathole angaba ngu-400,000—cishe amathole amasha angu-8,000 nsuku zonke—azalwa lapha.
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinyoni zasendle, izilwane ezizingelayo ezizungezile ziyakwazi ukuzingela kalula ngenxa yobuningi bamathole amancane asengozini. I-Olakira, iKimondo, kanye ne-Ubuntu yizindawo zokufuduka zase-Asia eningizimu yeSerengeti ezinikeza ukufinyelela okuqondile kulabo abafuna ukubona ukuzala kanye nedrama yamakati amakhulu ekuzingeleni.
Ukufuduka kuka-April noMeyi
Izinkulungwane zamadube namaqembu amancane ezinyamazane zidonseleka emihlambini yezinyamazane njengoba zikhukhuleka zibheke enyakatho-ntshonalanga ziya otshanini obusha beSerengeti ephakathi ngo-Ephreli ngemuva kokuzala amaphuphu azo ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi. NgoMeyi, izinsika zezinyamazane ziqala ukuqoqana eduze kweMoru Kopjes, eduze Umhlaba Camp, elinye lamakamu ambalwa e- ISerengeti okunikeza ukubuka ukufuduka phakathi nalesi sikhathi sonyaka. Amakholomu anwebeka amakhilomitha amaningana. Izinkonkoni zesilisa zilwa empini zibhekene ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, okuqala cishe ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Izinkonkoni, idube, kanye nensephe ziyaqhubeka nohambo lwazo olukhululekile “endleleni,” zidla ngendlela.
Izinyoni zasendle ziqala ukuhlangana eNtshonalanga Yomgwaqo ISerengeti njengoba ukunyakaza kukhula kancane kancane. Ikamu Lokufuduka Lobuntu lizobe selithuthile ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka ukuze lilandelele ukufuduka futhi linike izivakashi ithuba lokubona izingwenya ziwela uMfula iGrumeti. Emachibini nasezintanjeni zomfula, okumele ziwuwele ukuze ziqhubeke nohambo lwazo, imihlambi ibuthana ngamanani amakhulu. Kusenezingwenya ezanele ukunikeza izingwenya zaseGrumeti idili langempela, yize lokhu kungeyona into emangalisayo njengokuwela kweMara okwaziwayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uMeyi inyanga ka-Ubuntu engeyona eyesikhathi esiphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, ama-safari ashibhile kakhulu ngoba azikho izivakashi eziningi eSerengeti, kodwa ukubuka izilwane zasendle kusekuhle kakhulu.
Ukufuduka ngoJuni nangoJulayi
Inani elikhulu lezinyoni zasendle lingatholakala eNtshonalanga Serengeti nasemaphethelweni aseningizimu yoMfula iGrumeti ngoJuni, lapho kuqala isizini eyomile. Ukuwela umfula ogcwele izingwenya kungowokuqala kweziningi zezinkinga nezicindezelayo zomfula okumele zibhekane nazo isilwane ngasinye esifudukayo.
Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezilwane zasendle kanye ne-zebra ayaqhubeka nokuhamba enyakatho eceleni komphetho osentshonalanga wepaki njengoba uJuni ephenduka uJulayi, ebheke eMfuleni iMara enyakatho yeSerengeti, isithiyo esiyingozi nakakhulu. Esinye sezenzakalo zezilwane zasendle ezijabulisa kakhulu eMhlabeni ngokungangabazeki yilezi zindawo zokuwela imifula. Nakuba isikhathi siyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sezulu, ngokuvamile ziqala ngoJulayi ekuqaleni kwesizini ephezulu.
NgoJulayi, imihlambi ivame ukutholakala enyakatho yeSerengeti. Izilwane eziwele uMfula iMara ngempumelelo nazo zizotholakala e- UMasai Mara kamuva ngoJulayi. Izivakashi zaseRekero Camp zingabona ukuwela imifula ngqo zisuka edekini elikhulu lekamu ngenkathi zise-safari yaseKenya. Ukuwela imifula nsuku zonke emifuleni iMara neTalek, evame ukuba senkabeni yezigcawu ezimangalisayo, kubonakala ngalesi sikhathi.
Agasti, Septhemba, no-Okthoba Ukufuduka
Ngo-Agasti, imihlambi yayisele inenkinga yokuwela uMfula iMara futhi yahlakazeka kulo lonke elasenyakatho. UMasai Mara, kanti abaningi babo basesesenyakatho ISerengeti. Ukwesaba nokudideka ezindaweni zokuwela, okuhambisana nezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane ezilindile kanye nemisinga enamandla, kungabangela inani elikhulu lokufa phakathi neminyaka lapho umfula ugeleza khona ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwamabhubesi nezinye izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye izilwane ezizulazula ogwini, zilungele ukuqamekela noma yiziphi izilwane zasendle ezikwazi ukuwela, izingwenya ziyabulala ngisho nasemanzini amaningi ageleza kancane. Akukho ukuwela okukodwa nje; kwezinye izindawo, kunabantu abambalwa kuphela, kanti kwezinye, inani elikhulu lezilwane lihamba amahora amaningi.
Isiphithiphithi esikhulu sase siphelile ngoSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba, futhi izinsika ezifudukayo zase zishintshele ngasempumalanga kancane kancane. Kodwa njengoba zilungiselela ukuwela uMfula iMara futhi endleleni yazo ebuyela eningizimu, i-wildebeest kuzodingeka ibhekane namanzi ayo anzima futhi.
NgoNovemba noDisemba Ukufuduka
Izinkonkoni zisuka eKenya ziya emingceleni esempumalanga yeSerengeti, zidlule eNamiri Plains, indawo eyaziwa ngokubona izingwenya ngendlela emangalisayo, kulandela izimvula ezimfushane zaseMpumalanga Afrika ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba nasekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Zisakazeke kuzo zonke izifunda ezisempumalanga naseningizimu ngoDisemba.
Eningizimu ejulile yeSerengeti, utshani bugcwele imvula ezinyangeni zokuqala zonyaka omusha. Lokhu kudonsela amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamadube nezinye izilwane zasemathafeni, kanye nemihlambi yezilwane zasendle. Njengoba isikhathi sokuzala siqala kabusha, umjikelezo uyaqhubeka.
AMAQINISO OMKHULU WOKUTHUTHA
- Izinkonkoni zaseNtshonalanga ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.35 ezinentshebe emhlophe zidla cishe amathani angu-4,800 otshani nsuku zonke.
- Njalo ngonyaka, kuzalwa amathole angaphezu kuka-250,000. Amathole amane kwayisihlanu azalwa ngesikhathi esifushane sokuzala amathole esingamasonto ambalwa nje emathafeni amafushane otshani maphakathi noFebhuwari, lapho kuzalwa khona amathole angu-8,000 kuya ku-12,000 ngosuku. Amathole angaba ngu-70,000 azofa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokudliwa, ukuminza, ukuhlukaniswa nonina, nezinye izinto. Cishe ingxenye yawo izophila ize ibe ngabantu abadala.
- Amathole angahambahamba ngemizuzu emi-3 kuya kwengu-7 futhi angaqhubeka nomhlambi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lapho izinkunzi zilwa zodwa ngenxa yendawo, cishe izinkabi ezingama-300,000 ziyakhulelwa esikhathini esingaphansi kwenyanga.
- Amathafa amafushane otshani phakathi kweNabi Gate kanye nezintaba zaseNgorongoro alungele kakhulu ukuthi izingwenya zizale ngenxa yomlotha wentaba-mlilo owawa lapho eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule. Lobu tshani budonsa i-calcium, i-sodium, i-nitrogen, kanye ne-phosphorus enhlabathini engajulile, okuyinto enhle ezinkomeni ezikhulelwe bese kamuva zincelisa.
- The ISerengeti-Mara-Ngorongoro Imvelo idinga izilwane ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-1.6 (izinkonkoni kanye ne-zebra) ukuze zifuduke minyaka yonke ukuze zihlale ziphilile futhi zinamandla.
- I-wildebeest “uhlobo lwe-keystone” ngoba idla amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.7 zotshani minyaka yonke, okushintsha indawo ehlala kuyo. Ivula amadlelo amaningi ezinye izilwane, njengamadube, ama-hartebeest, nama-gazelle. Ngamanye amazwi, “iyi-cog” ebalulekile esiza ekwenzeni izindawo zotshani zaseSerengeti zibe zihlukahlukene futhi zibe usizo. Ukufuduka kukodwa kubeka amathani angu-3500 obulongwe endaweni yemvelo nsuku zonke (cishe imithwalo yezimoto ezingu-70 zesitimela!), okuwukudla okuhle kwezitshalo kanye nezinhlobo ezingaba yi-100 ezahlukene zezinambuzane zobulongwe.
- UMfula iMara uwukuphela komthombo wamanzi eSerengeti ongasekela ukufuduka okukhulu ngesikhathi sesomiso. Uma amadamu nokugawula izihlahla phezulu komfula komisa umfula, kuzoba yinhlekelele enkulu. Cishe izinkonkoni ezingaba ngu-500,000 zingafa ngonyaka wokuqala.
Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo (ama-FAQ)
Ukufuduka kwenzeka unyaka wonke, kodwa izinkathi ezahlukene zinikeza izinto ezivelele ezahlukene. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi, izivakashi zingabona isizini yokuzala emathafeni aseningizimu ye- ISerengeti National ParkKusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba, imihlambi iya enyakatho lapho abahambi benethuba elihle lokubona izindawo ezidumile zokuwela uMfula iMara.
Iningi labahambi libona ukufuduka e- ISerengeti National Park, enye yezindawo ezidumile kakhulu zezilwane zasendle e-Afrika TanzaniaKuye ngesikhathi sonyaka, imihlambi ihamba eningizimu, emaphakathi, entshonalanga, kanye nasenyakatho yeSerengeti.
Iningi labahambi lichitha izinsuku eziphakathi kwezi-5 neziyi-8 ohambweni lokufuduka. Lokhu kunikeza isikhathi esanele sokuhlola izingxenye ezahlukene ze-ecosystem yaseSerengeti futhi kuvame ukufaka phakathi ukuvakashela ezinye izindawo ezidumile njenge Ngorongoro Crater or I-Tarangire National Park.
Ukuwela umfula kungenye yezikhathi ezimangalisayo zokufuduka lapho izinkulungwane zezilwane zasendle zizama ukuwela uMfula iMara ngenkathi zibhekene nemisinga enamandla nezingwenya. Lokhu kuwela kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kukaJulayi no-Okthoba enyakatho. ISerengeti National Park.
Yebo, i-Great Migration ibhekwa kabanzi njengenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zezilwane zasendle eMhlabeni. Ukubona imihlambi emikhulu isakazeka emathafeni nokubona ukuhlangana kwezilwane zasendle endle kwenza kube ngenye yezinto ezingasoze zalibaleka ze-safari eMhlabeni. Tanzania.
Abahambi bangakhetha ezindlini zokuhlala zikanokusho, amakamu akhiwe ngamatende, kanye namakamu ahambayo atholakala ezindaweni ezibaluleke kakhulu ze- ISerengeti National ParkAmakamu amaningi okufuduka ahamba ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze alandele imihlambi futhi anikeze amathuba amahle kakhulu okubuka izilwane zasendle.
