Mapiri a Udzungwa

"Kwathu kwa Anyani a Red Colobus"

Mapiri a Udzungwa mwachidule

Mapiri a Udzungwa ndi mapiri kumwera chapakati Tanzania. Mapiri ndi makamaka m'chigawo cha Iringa, kumwera kwa likulu la Tanzania Dodoma. Mapiri a Udzungwa ndi mbali ya mapiri a Eastern Arc ndipo ndi kwawo kwa zomera ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana. ambiri a mitundu yosatha.

Kumapiri kuli Ahehe, ndipo dzina lakuti Udzungwa limachokera ku mawu a Chihehe akuti “Wadzungwa,” kutanthauza anthu okhala m’mapiri. Iringa ndiye mudzi waukulu kwambiri m'mapiri komanso likulu lachigawo.

Geography

Mapiri a Undzungwa amatenga malo a 16,131.40 km2, omwe ndi aakulu kwambiri mwa mapiri a Kum'mawa kwa Arc. Nsonga zazitali kwambiri m’gululi ndi Luhombero pamtunda wa mamita 2,579 (mamita 8,461). Mapiri nthawi zambiri amafika kumpoto chakum'mawa mpaka kum'mwera chakumadzulo. Chigwa cha Usangu chili chakumpoto chakumadzulo, komwe kumatsitsidwa ndi mtsinje waukulu wa Ruaha ndi mtsinje wake.

Mtsinje waukulu wa Ruaha umalekanitsa mapiri a Udzungwa ndi mapiri a Rubeho ndi mapiri a Uvidunda kumpoto chakum’mawa. Chigwa cha Mtsinje wa Kilombero chili kumwera ndi kum’mwera chakum’mawa.

Kummwera chakumadzulo, Gap ya Makambako imalekanitsa mapiri a Udzungwa ndi mapiri a Kipengere. Zonsezi Mitsinje yayikulu ya Ruaha ndi Kilombero ndi mitsinje ya mtsinje wa Rufiji, womwe umathira m'nyanja ya Indian Ocean. Mtsinje wa Lukosi umayambira pakati pa mtsinjewu ndipo umatsikira kummawa ku mtsinje waukulu wa Ruaha. Mtsinje wa Little Ruaha ndi mtsinje wake umakhetsa madzi ambiri

mbali ya kumadzulo kwa chigawocho, kukathira chakumpoto ku Ruaha Wamkulu.

Nyengo

Mapiri a Udzungwa amatchinga mphepo yodzadza ndi chinyezi kuchokera ku nyanja ya Indian Ocean ndipo amagwa mvula yambiri kuposa madera ozungulira

zigwa. kwambiri wa mvula imagwa munyengo yamvula ya Novembala mpaka Meyi, ngakhale kuti nkhungu ndi mvula yopepuka imagwera pamalo okwera m'nyengo yachilimwe. miyezi. Mvula imagwa kwambiri kumapiri a kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakum'maŵa moyang'anizana ndi Nyanja ya Indian Ocean ndi kumunsi kwa mapiri, kumene mvula imagwa kumpoto ndi kumadzulo. Kutentha kumakhala kozizira kwambiri pamalo okwera.

nthaka

Mapiri a Udzungwa, pamodzi ndi ena omwe ali ku Eastern Arc, amapangidwa ndi miyala yakale ya crystalline Precambrian. kuti anali kukwezedwa kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri motsatira zolakwika. Nthawi yaposachedwa kwambiri yokwezeka idayamba zaka 30 miliyoni zapitazo, koma njira yolakwika ndi njira yokweza ikhoza kukhala yakale kwambiri. Dothi lochokera ku miyala yakale imeneyi silikhala lachonde ngati dothi laling'ono lamapiri a kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.

Udzungwa Flora and fauna

Pafupifupi zaka milioni makumi atatu zapitazo, derali anaphimbidwa ndi nkhalango zambiri zamvula. M’nthaŵi yozizirira ndi yowuma zaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi zapitazo, nkhalango za m’zigwazo zinasandutsidwa mapiri, kusiya mapiriwo kukhala zisumbu kumene nkhalango za m’madera otentha zinapitirizabe kukula. Kusalekeza kwa nyengo yachinyontho kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndiponso kukhala kwaokha kwa mapiri aliwonse kwachititsa kuti pakhale mitundu yambiri ya zomera ndi zinyama. Mapiri a Udzungwa ndi mapiri ena a kum'mawa kwa Arc ali ndi zamoyo zambiri zamitundumitundu, zomwe zimakhala ndi zamoyo zambiri (zoposa 25 peresenti ya zamoyo zam'mimba). 10 100 mwa iwo amatetezedwa ndi Udzungwa Mountains National Park ndi Udzungwa Scarp Nature Forest Reserve.

Mapiri a Udzungwa yokutidwa ndi nkhalango za kumunsi, nkhalango ya montane, nkhalango ya miombo, udzu, ndi malo otentha.

Nkhalango zimatalika kuchokera ku 300 kufika ku 2579 mamita m'mwamba ndipo zimasiyana mosiyana ndi mitundu yamitundu ndi kukwera ndi mvula. Malo otsetsereka a kum'maŵa ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa amalandira mvula yambiri kuchokera ku Indian Ocean ndipo amathandiza nkhalango zobiriwira zomwe zili m'munsi mwake; madera otsetsereka a kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kuli nkhalango za miombo zofota ndi nkhalango zotsika komanso nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse pamalo okwera okha.

Kutalika madera a nkhalango m'chigawo chapakati zachotsedwa zaulimi ndi msipu. Kusanthula kwazithunzi za satellite anatengedwa pakati pa 1999 ndi 2003 adapeza kuti Mapiri a 1353 km2 anali ataphimbidwabe m'nkhalango yobiriwira.

M’mapiriwa muli nyama zambiri zoyamwitsa, kuphatikizapo Abbott’s duiker (Cephalophus spadix), Kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji), ndi Udzungwa red colobus (Cercocebus galleries). Njovu (Loxodonta africana) amapezeka m'nkhalango m'mphepete mwa kum'mwera escarpment.

Se (Rhynchocyon udzungwensis) ndi mtundu wa njovu womwe umapezeka kumapiri. The Udzungwa Forest partridge (Xenoperdix udzungwensis) imapezekanso, ndipo achibale ake apafupi amawoneka ngati mapiri a Asia.

Ngakhale kuti magulu awiri a mapiriwa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe, mapiri a Eastern Arc amagawana zamoyo zambiri ndi zomera ndi Southern Highlands, yomwe ili kumwera chakumadzulo kudutsa Makambako Gap. Onsewa ndi zigawo za Afromontane, komwe kuli mitundu yamitundu yamapiri komanso zachilengedwe zosiyana ndi madera oyandikana nawo. Nyengo ya ku Southern Highlands imakhudzidwa kwambiri by Lake Malawi by nyanja ya Indian Ocean. Mitundu ina ya m'mapiri, kuphatikizapo za Kipunji ndi Kipengere seedeaters (Crithagra melanochrous), imakhala kumapiri a Udzungwa ndi Kipengere Range.

The Kihansi spray chule (Nectophrynoides asperginis), amene anali apezeka Pokhapokha pafupi ndi mathithi a mtsinje wa Kihansi, omwe adazimiririka kuthengo mu 2009 pomwe dziwe lakumtunda linasintha malo ake.

Achule akhala akutero kuyambira pamenepo adalowetsedwanso pambuyo pa pulogalamu yoweta yaukapolo yopambana.

Udzungwa Malo otetezedwa ndi kasungidwe

Madera otetezedwa akuphatikizapo Udzungwa Mountains National Park (2088.69 km2), Udzungwa Scarp, Kisinga-Rugaro, West Kilombero forest reserves, and Sanje Falls. N'zotheka kuyendera Udzungwa Mountains National Park and yendani koyenda ndi kukwera. Pakiyi ilibe misewu yodutsa galimoto ndipo amadutsa wapansi basi. Njira zodutsamo zimasiyanasiyana, kuchokera kumtunda waufupi komanso wosavuta wa ola limodzi la Sonjo Waterfall kupita ku zovuta kwambiri Ulendo wa masiku 6 pa Lumemo Trail. Njira yotchuka kwambiri ndi Sanje Waterfalls Trail, yomwe imatenga pafupifupi maola anayi kuti ithe.

World-Wide Fund for Natural ikugwira ntchito ndi anthu amderali kuti ateteze pakiyo ndikupereka chithandizo chosamalira ndi kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira, kufufuza, ndi ntchito zokopa zachilengedwe. Thandizo la madera akumaloko limalimbikitsidwa powapatsa mwayi wopeza zinthu monga kutolera nkhuni, kukolola mitengo yamankhwala, ndi

kusonkhanitsa udzu wokololera udzu.

Uzungwa Scarp Nature Forest Reserve (USNFR) is located in the Udzungwa Mountains within the Iringa Region (Kilolo and Mufindi Districts) and Kilombero district in the Morogoro region. Malo osungiramo malowa ndi anyani a Red Colobus ndi zosiyanasiyana zomera, kuphatikizapo nkhalango zazitali, zokongola za sub-montane. Malo ena okopa alendo omwe amapezeka kumalo osungiramo malowa ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera a canopy, nyama zakutchire monga njovu ndi njati, mbalame zosamukira, malo okongola, mapanga, mathithi (Idasi, Lutalawa, Msingusi, Kiimbi, Ikungwe, Udagaji, Mipimati), malo a mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe (Madege, Lendi, Imelwageni, Kisupyo, Lugupolilote, Lusaka, mudzi ntchito zokopa alendo.

Alendo amatha kuchita zinthu zotsatirazi: kusambira m'mayiwe achilengedwe, kuyang'ana kutuluka kwa dzuwa ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa, kukwera maulendo, kukwera maulendo, maulendo a safari, zochitika za chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe, kuwonera mbalame, kufufuza ndi maphunziro, kujambula zithunzi, ndi kumanga msasa.

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Pali njira zitatu zolowera kumalo osungira. Choyamba chimodzi kudzera ku Ipogolo kudzera m'boma la Kilolo kupita m'mudzi mwa Uluti. amene ali pafupifupi 100km kuchokera ku Iringa town. Lachiwiri lidutsa m’boma la Mufindi kudzera m’boma la Mapanda kupita m’mudzi mwa Uhafiwa, pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 130 kuchokera m’tauni ya Mafinga. Lachitatu likuchokera ku Morogoro Municipality kudzera ku Mikumi Town kupita ku Ifakara Town, kenako Chita kupita kumudzi wa Udagaji.

Kumeneko kuli pafupifupi 80km.

In Iringa Municipality, pali Nduli Airport, yomwe imayendetsa ndege zomwe zakonzedwa komanso zosakonzekedwa kapena zokololedwa kuchokera kumizinda yayikulu ngati Dar es Salaam, Arusha, ndi Kilimanjaro. Mtunda wochokera ku tawuni ya Iringa kupita ku Uzungwa Scarp Nature Forest Reserve ndi pafupifupi 120 km.

Malo ena okopa alendo apezeka pafupi ndi Uzungwa Nature Forest Reserve ndi Kilombero Nature Forest Reserve, Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Nyerere National Park, and Kidatu Power Station.

Alendo omwe amabwera kumalo osungiramo malowa kudzera mu Iringa amakhalanso ndi mwayi wokaona malo oyandikana nawo monga Kalenga Historical Center, Isimila Archaeological Site, Ruaha National Park.